What is the definition of "Controlled Flight into Terrain" (CFIT)?

"Controlled Flight into Terrain" (CFIT) refers to an incident where an aircraft that is otherwise airworthy is unintentionally flown into the ground, mountains, or water. This typically occurs when the pilots are not aware of their altitude or position in relation to the terrain, even though they still have control of the aircraft.

The concept highlights the dangers in situations where pilots may be distracted, fatigued, or experiencing poor visibility, leading to a failure to recognize that they are descending towards hazardous terrain. As such, effective situational awareness and adherence to altitude limitations are critical in preventing CFIT incidents. This definition emphasizes the involuntary nature of the event, distinguishing it from human errors that lead to intentional descents or loss of control situations.