What is the key difference between precision and non-precision approaches?

Precision approaches and non-precision approaches serve critical roles in aircraft navigation during landing, but they operate under different parameters. The key characteristic that distinguishes precision approaches from non-precision approaches is the provision of both lateral and vertical guidance in precision approaches. This means that during a precision approach, pilots receive continuous information regarding their horizontal position as well as their vertical descent rate toward the runway. Typically, this is achieved through an Instrument Landing System (ILS), which includes both a localizer for lateral guidance and a glide slope for vertical guidance.

In contrast, non-precision approaches, such as those utilizing VOR or NDB, only provide lateral guidance. Pilots maintain their vertical descent without precise guidance, relying on step-down fixes and altitudes rather than an exact glide path. This distinction is crucial for pilots as it significantly impacts the approach procedure and the decision-making process regarding safety and navigation during landings. Understanding this difference is essential in aviation training and practice, ensuring pilots can adapt their techniques based on the type of approach being executed.